TPS, Inc. サイトの"Koji's Kozy Korner"欄に書いた第１回の｢英語のgrandnephewとgrandnieceに対応する日本語は何でしょうか？ 読者の皆様のご教示を乞います｣に、ようやく一人の方から教えていただくことができました。「Grandnephewは又甥（またおい）、grandnieceは又姪（まためい）といい、両者をまとめて姪孫（てっそん）と呼ぶ」そうです。疑問が解決したので、次の話題に移りたいと思います。
第2回は、telecommunicationの訳語に関する謎です。電気通信業界におけるtelecommunication(s)の訳語は「電気通信｣であり、これ以外の訳語を見かけたことは、ここ40数年、一度もありません。しかし、市販の英和辞典では、｢遠隔通信｣や｢遠距離通信｣という訳語の比率が、近年ますます高まる傾向にあります。(1960～70年代には｢遠隔通信｣が多かったように記憶していますが、80年代以降には「遠距離通信」が多数派を占めている観があります。) これらの訳語が実際に使用されている業界がありましたら、その事例を教えていただきたく、読者の皆様にお願い申し上げます。
英和辞典の例をいくつか並べてみましょう。
筆者（Koji）が1961年(昭和36年)に電気通信業界に入って3ヶ月ごろ、電話交換機設計部の先輩社員から米国の雑誌記事の和訳を頼まれました。文中のtelecommunicationsを、辞書も引かずに｢遠隔通信｣と訳したところ、「それならtelegraphは"遠報"で、 telephoneは"遠話"ですか？」と皮肉られました。英和辞典を引いたら｢電気通信｣でした。
しかし、その後、この"遠隔通信"や、類似の"遠距離通信"という誤訳が日本の一般的な英和辞典の大多数を汚染してしまいました。汚染の原因が、もしかしたら自分にあったかも知れない、と想像して、怖くなりました。
そのように想像したのには、こんな事実があったからです。
電気通信業界内で"遠隔通信"の誤訳を犯して半年くらい後、今度は先輩技術者から、International Switching Symposium (ISS)に提出する論文の英訳を頼まれました。主題は、当時の最新式だったクロスバ交換機（crossbar switching system - XB）のフレーム構成(frame arrangement)でした。具体スイッチ(physical switch)の背面の琴線(banjo string wiring)を切断して、分割した各部分を｢格子｣と呼び、これを組み合わせるフレーム構成の巧拙が、交換機全体の性能とコストに大きく影響するため、このテーマの論文が多数発表されていました。
筆者は旧型のステップバイステップ(step-by-step - SXS)交換機を担当させられていたので、XB技術用語をほとんど知りませんでした。ですから｢格子｣に対応する英語など分るはずがありません。ままよと"lattice"と訳して、先輩に渡しました。格子とは日本の有線通信業界の俗語的な専門用語であり、正式な技術用語は「理論スイッチ (theoretical switch)」であると知ったのは、論文が郵送されてからしばらく後でした。それから2、3年を経て、米国の学会会報(proceedings)の論文中にlatticeが一般的に使われるようになったのでした。
これも40年余り昔、新聞記事で知ったことです。英語関係の書物で有名な某出版社の大型英和辞典に、見出し語"back mirror"とその訳語｢バックミラー｣が載っていました。それを或る利用者が誤りだと指摘したところ、出版社からも、著名な英語学者の編者からも無視されました。誤りの訂正を再三求めたら、編者から｢市井の素人が何を言うか｣との返事。怒った利用者が某新聞社に投書して、論争を引き起こした結果、とうとう「rearview mirror」に書き直されたそうです。活字を1個ずつ拾って、活版を作らなければならなかった時代のことです。出版社が訂正をためらったのも無理なかったのでしょうか。
筆者自身の経験を述べれば、1990年代、別の有名出版社の和英辞典で、見出し語｢潜水艦｣で引いたら、「submarine」と正しい訳語が載っていました。しかし、それに続く「潜水母艦」の訳語が"submarine carrier"になっているのに仰天しました。｢航空母艦｣が「aircraft carrier」であることから単純に類推した結果の誤りに違いありません。 ｢航空母艦は、航空機を運び、発艦･着艦させる軍艦ですが、潜水母艦は、潜水艦を運ぶのではなく、潜水艦に燃料、魚雷、飲料水、食料などを供給する（世話をする tend）軍艦なので、submarine tenderと言います｣という趣旨の手紙を編集長宛に書きました。
即座といってよいほどの日数で、適切にtendされた辞典が書店の店頭に並びました。コンピュータが印刷･出版の世界で、日常的に使われるようになっていたからです。
皆様のお便りを期待しております。
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